Torberia

Torberia, Officially the Federated States of Torberia (Torberian: Jótesverstránnáet Torberan, Surii: Íadesfirbéired Dorberó) is a country located in the Jaterna Region of Velizka. Its population is 144,3 million as of 2022. Vájléja-Felía is its capital and third largest city, being behind both New Estern and Névalikràt. Torberia is located at the centre of the region of Jaterna, and through the Séniselam, sits at the northern end of the historical Western Maurean-Velizkan trade route, and at the western end of the Morfeyran-Jaturnian Route. It shares land borders on its Northern Mainland with Renavina to the north, Aspayn to the east and Yavatia to the west, it shares a maritime border with Halstara-Nasaveram west of the Talaran Archipelago, and finally shares land borders through the Nevalat Peninsula with Aspayn to the North and Hierekalia to the east. Torberia has a lengthy coastline on the Jaturnian Sea, in it known as the Torberian Sea, and has one of the longest coastlines in the world, only behind of ---, --- and --- at ? km in length, featuring many islands, of which 174 are inhabited. Torberia is mostly a mix of flat terrain and hills, with the exception of the Yalovan and the Nevalat mountain chains, which holds the country's highest peak, Ktlévranam at 4,468 metres (14660 ft). The country consists of eleven traditional geographic regions: Tévnova-Estebia, Mountain Yalova, Rjénberem, Serna, Árnara, Halstsurii, Sensurii, Nevalat, Ártanan and Kátera and the Serivnian Islands (Including Talara, the Séniselam and Duśna).

Humans first arrived in Great Estebia and in Nevalat around 17,000 years ago, to the Talaran Archipelago 7,400 years ago and to the Séniselam around 800 years ago. The first known cultures to develop in Torberia were several Pre-Kartalian groups, like the Tilerans in Talara or the Tíśerans in Nevalat, Much later, during the Kartalian migrations 5000 years ago, Para-Jaturnian groups settled through the Sernan Plains and the Nevalat Peninsula around the Torberian Sea. Around 3500 years ago, a Kartalian group which had settled around the Rjen valley, the Jaturnians, invaded the Talaran Archipelago in the first Flight to the Sea. From the Founding of Jaturnenlat in the Early 14th millenium HJ to the Fall of Nátra in the year 231 HJ, the Jaturnians conquered Talara, and through the Colonization of Talara, Jaturnians became a majority in the archipelago by the 3rd century HJ, leading to the disappearance of the last natives around the 1st century KJ.

The lands of Torberia became the core of Jaturnian civilization from the very start. The "Three Leaders" of Jaturnian Politics, Jaturnenlat, Helessa and Nevala-Tiveronax all were located within Torberia, and, when the Jaturnian Confederation was established through the compromise of the Karalam, Jaturnenlat became the capital of the new State. After the Taranan Dynasty and the subsequent Civil War, the city governments lost most of its power as they sided against Taran. During the Centralization, the city-state authorities were abolished, and Jaturnia became divided in 15 imperial provinces, all of which answered to either the Retelate or the Emperor. After the Anteran Dynasty, Jaturnia experienced a period of peace known today as the Lotulat Jaturnilax, or the Jaturnian Peace, a period of 300 years during which Jaturnian law, technology, economy, art and literature developed. As the Peace ended and the Jaternan Migration Era started, Southern Nevalat was settled by the Hierekalts, Northern Nevalat revolted under General Hatera, who proclaimed a Rival Empire in the Nevalat Peninsula, while Northern Great Estebia fell to a new group, the Karnaks. Order was restored under Varen I, who led a campaign towards the Karnaks forcing them to retreat north of the Huram and accept Valatelam status, while on the other side Varen negotiated with Hatera to step down. The Varnetan Restoration restored a bit of the Empire's former power, but ended up exhausting its resources, which combined with other issues like the Second Migration Period or the Solar Wars, led to the Fall of the Jaturnian Empire after the Varnetan Dynasty lost control in the 6th century.

After the fall of the Jaturnian Empire, the Karnaks established an empire of their own, known today as the Serívnian Empire, this empire replicated much of the Late Jaturnian systems of governance, culture and laws, to the point where it was considered the "Second Jaturnia", The Jaturnization of Serívnia began strongly influencing the Empire, but from the Ratlát Dynasty at the turn of the millenium onwards, the Empire stopped using Jaturnization as its primary form of legitimacy, relying instead on the religious legitimacy brought by their religion, the Lúminar. This sudden change of policy during the Middle Serivnian period increased unrest among the still culturally jaturnian areas of the Empire, specially in Northern Talara, the former capital of Jaturnenlat and the Duśnan Archipelago, all of which continued to speak Middle Jaturnian and practiced the Jaturnian Faith. After its zenith in the 12th century, the Empire eventually entered a state of decline, which led to the Partition of Serívnia between the Estebian and Hierekalian empires in the 16th century. The culturally serivnian lands under Estebia were organized as the Autonomous Area of the Nine Provinces, Torberia spent 206 years under Estebian Rule, during which it transformed completely. The Kiréklantárxt completely changed the ethnic makeup of the region, due to the Tévnovan Migration through the 17th century the borders of Serivnian Torberia retreated to Talara and the Rjénberem.